Sand
Becker County, Minnesota — DOW #03065900
173 Surveys
Special Regulations for Sand
This lake has regulations that differ from statewide defaults. Always check before fishing.
- Daily limit five. (Including connected Talac and Sorenson Lakes)
310.95
Acres
28 ft
Max Depth
10
Fish Species
4
Local Guides
DNR Fish Surveys
Catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) data from Minnesota DNR fish population assessments on Sand. Green = above normal range. Red = below normal.
Black Bullhead
| Date | Gear | CPUE | Normal Range | Avg Weight | Total Catch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988-06-13 | Standard trap nets | 10.7 (normal) | 1.1 – 17.4 | 0.14 lb | 75 |
| 1988-06-13 | Standard gill nets | 153.4 (above normal) | 1.9 – 57.5 | 0.36 lb | 767 |
| 1993-06-14 | Standard gill nets | 15.7 (normal) | 1.9 – 57.5 | 1.03 lb | 94 |
| 1993-06-14 | Standard trap nets | 12.2 (normal) | 1.1 – 17.4 | 1.36 lb | 110 |
| 2021-06-07 | Standard gill nets | 0.2 (below normal) | 1.9 – 57.5 | 0.08 lb | 1 |
| 2008-06-09 | Standard trap nets | 3.2 (normal) | 1.1 – 17.4 | 0.82 lb | 29 |
| 2008-06-09 | Standard gill nets | 2.0 (normal) | 1.9 – 57.5 | 0.82 lb | 12 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard trap nets | 0.4 (below normal) | 1.1 – 17.4 | 0.54 lb | 3 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard gill nets | 6.2 (normal) | 1.9 – 57.5 | 0.69 lb | 37 |
| 1976-06-11 | Standard trap nets | 8.9 (normal) | 1.1 – 17.4 | 0.47 lb | 71 |
| 1976-06-11 | Standard gill nets | 22.5 (normal) | 1.9 – 57.5 | 0.57 lb | 90 |
| 1998-06-08 | Standard trap nets | 79.4 (above normal) | 1.1 – 17.4 | 0.47 lb | 794 |
| 1998-06-08 | 1/4-in trap nets | 24.2 | — | — | 121 |
| 1998-06-08 | Standard gill nets | 27.0 (normal) | 1.9 – 57.5 | 0.72 lb | 162 |
| 2003-06-16 | Standard gill nets | 7.8 (normal) | 1.9 – 57.5 | 0.63 lb | 47 |
| 2003-06-16 | Standard trap nets | 4.9 (normal) | 1.1 – 17.4 | 0.64 lb | 49 |
| 1964-06-30 | Standard gill nets | 11.5 (normal) | 1.9 – 57.5 | 0.48 lb | 23 |
| 1964-06-30 | Standard trap nets | 7.0 (normal) | 1.1 – 17.4 | 0.40 lb | 63 |
Brown Bullhead
| Date | Gear | CPUE | Normal Range | Avg Weight | Total Catch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988-06-13 | Standard trap nets | 6.9 (normal) | 1.5 – 9.8 | 0.41 lb | 48 |
| 1988-06-13 | Standard gill nets | 2.8 (normal) | 1.5 – 9.9 | 0.42 lb | 14 |
| 2021-06-21 | Backpack electrofishing | 1.4 | — | — | 2 |
| 1993-06-14 | Standard gill nets | 0.5 (below normal) | 1.5 – 9.9 | 1.47 lb | 3 |
| 1993-06-14 | Standard trap nets | 4.0 (normal) | 1.5 – 9.8 | 1.49 lb | 36 |
| 2021-06-07 | Standard gill nets | 0.3 (below normal) | 1.5 – 9.9 | 1.31 lb | 2 |
| 2021-06-07 | Standard trap nets | 3.4 (normal) | 1.5 – 9.8 | 1.27 lb | 31 |
| 2008-06-09 | Standard trap nets | 17.3 (above normal) | 1.5 – 9.8 | 1.13 lb | 156 |
| 2008-06-09 | Standard gill nets | 1.3 (below normal) | 1.5 – 9.9 | 1.18 lb | 8 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard trap nets | 2.1 (normal) | 1.5 – 9.8 | 1.21 lb | 17 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard gill nets | 3.0 (normal) | 1.5 – 9.9 | 1.44 lb | 18 |
| 1998-06-08 | Standard trap nets | 3.7 (normal) | 1.5 – 9.8 | 0.80 lb | 37 |
| 1998-06-08 | 1/4-in trap nets | 41.2 | — | — | 206 |
| 1998-06-08 | Standard gill nets | 2.8 (normal) | 1.5 – 9.9 | 0.77 lb | 17 |
| 2003-06-16 | Standard gill nets | 1.2 (below normal) | 1.5 – 9.9 | 0.84 lb | 7 |
| 2003-06-16 | Standard trap nets | 8.8 (normal) | 1.5 – 9.8 | 0.86 lb | 88 |
Yellow Perch
| Date | Gear | CPUE | Normal Range | Avg Weight | Total Catch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988-06-13 | Standard trap nets | 105.7 (above normal) | 0.8 – 4.5 | 0.10 lb | 740 |
| 1988-06-13 | Standard gill nets | 108.4 (above normal) | 8.0 – 40.3 | 0.14 lb | 542 |
| 2021-06-21 | Backpack electrofishing | 34.1 | — | — | 49 |
| 2021-06-21 | 50-ft beach seine | 35.0 | — | — | 70 |
| 2021-06-21 | 15-ft beach seine | 19.4 | — | — | 97 |
| 1993-06-14 | Standard trap nets | 4.3 (normal) | 0.8 – 4.5 | 0.04 lb | 39 |
| 1993-06-14 | Standard gill nets | 17.7 (normal) | 8.0 – 40.3 | 0.21 lb | 106 |
| 2021-06-07 | Standard trap nets | 2.9 (normal) | 0.8 – 4.5 | 0.08 lb | 26 |
| 2021-06-07 | Standard gill nets | 4.8 (below normal) | 8.0 – 40.3 | 0.10 lb | 29 |
| 2008-06-09 | Standard trap nets | 0.1 (below normal) | 0.8 – 4.5 | 0.53 lb | 1 |
| 2008-06-09 | Standard gill nets | 4.8 (below normal) | 8.0 – 40.3 | 0.29 lb | 29 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard trap nets | 0.6 (below normal) | 0.8 – 4.5 | 0.13 lb | 5 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard gill nets | 65.7 (above normal) | 8.0 – 40.3 | 0.13 lb | 394 |
| 1976-06-11 | Standard trap nets | 4.4 (normal) | 0.8 – 4.5 | 0.04 lb | 35 |
| 1976-06-11 | Standard gill nets | 14.5 (normal) | 8.0 – 40.3 | 0.18 lb | 58 |
| 1998-06-08 | Standard trap nets | 0.4 (below normal) | 0.8 – 4.5 | 0.18 lb | 4 |
| 1998-06-08 | 1/4-in trap nets | 2.8 | — | — | 14 |
| 1998-06-08 | Standard gill nets | 28.3 (normal) | 8.0 – 40.3 | 0.16 lb | 170 |
| 2003-06-16 | Standard trap nets | 1.2 (normal) | 0.8 – 4.5 | 0.13 lb | 12 |
| 2003-06-16 | Standard gill nets | 14.5 (normal) | 8.0 – 40.3 | 0.18 lb | 87 |
Green Sunfish
| Date | Gear | CPUE | Normal Range | Avg Weight | Total Catch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988-06-13 | Standard trap nets | 1.4 (normal) | 0.3 – 1.5 | 0.05 lb | 10 |
| 1976-06-11 | Standard trap nets | 1.5 (normal) | 0.3 – 1.5 | 0.42 lb | 12 |
| 1964-06-30 | Standard trap nets | 94.8 (above normal) | 0.3 – 1.5 | 0.16 lb | 853 |
| 1964-06-30 | Standard gill nets | 1.0 | — | 0.25 lb | 2 |
Yellow Bullhead
| Date | Gear | CPUE | Normal Range | Avg Weight | Total Catch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988-06-13 | Standard gill nets | 0.4 (below normal) | 0.6 – 5.0 | 0.50 lb | 2 |
| 1988-06-13 | Standard trap nets | 9.6 (above normal) | 1.8 – 7.2 | 0.64 lb | 67 |
| 1993-06-14 | Standard gill nets | 1.0 (normal) | 0.6 – 5.0 | 2.40 lb | 6 |
| 1993-06-14 | Standard trap nets | 6.4 (normal) | 1.8 – 7.2 | 1.88 lb | 58 |
| 2021-06-07 | Standard trap nets | 0.1 (below normal) | 1.8 – 7.2 | 1.91 lb | 1 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard gill nets | 2.5 (normal) | 0.6 – 5.0 | 1.46 lb | 15 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard trap nets | 0.9 (below normal) | 1.8 – 7.2 | 0.88 lb | 7 |
| 1976-06-11 | Standard gill nets | 0.8 (normal) | 0.6 – 5.0 | 0.70 lb | 3 |
| 1976-06-11 | Standard trap nets | 0.5 (below normal) | 1.8 – 7.2 | 0.85 lb | 4 |
Northern Pike
| Date | Gear | CPUE | Normal Range | Avg Weight | Total Catch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988-06-13 | Standard gill nets | 1.4 (below normal) | 4.6 – 11.6 | 2.71 lb | 7 |
| 2021-06-21 | 50-ft beach seine | 0.5 | — | — | 1 |
| 1993-06-14 | Standard gill nets | 1.3 (below normal) | 4.6 – 11.6 | 5.39 lb | 8 |
| 2021-06-07 | Standard gill nets | 26.0 (above normal) | 4.6 – 11.6 | 1.95 lb | 156 |
| 2021-06-07 | Standard trap nets | 0.7 | — | 2.12 lb | 6 |
| 2008-06-09 | Standard gill nets | 1.0 (below normal) | 4.6 – 11.6 | 5.68 lb | 6 |
| 2008-06-09 | Standard trap nets | 0.1 | — | 2.98 lb | 1 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard gill nets | 6.5 (normal) | 4.6 – 11.6 | 3.33 lb | 39 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard trap nets | 0.3 | — | 0.82 lb | 2 |
| 1976-06-11 | Standard gill nets | 6.0 (normal) | 4.6 – 11.6 | 1.85 lb | 24 |
| 1976-06-11 | Standard trap nets | 0.4 | — | 0.90 lb | 3 |
| 1998-06-08 | Standard gill nets | 5.3 (normal) | 4.6 – 11.6 | 1.09 lb | 32 |
| 1998-06-08 | Standard trap nets | 1.7 | — | 0.74 lb | 17 |
| 1998-06-08 | 1/4-in trap nets | 0.4 | — | — | 2 |
| 2003-06-16 | Standard gill nets | 3.5 (below normal) | 4.6 – 11.6 | 3.55 lb | 21 |
| 2003-06-16 | Standard trap nets | 0.2 | — | 3.13 lb | 2 |
| 1964-06-30 | Standard gill nets | 3.5 (below normal) | 4.6 – 11.6 | 2.81 lb | 7 |
| 1964-06-30 | Standard trap nets | 0.8 | — | 2.29 lb | 7 |
Golden Shiner
| Date | Gear | CPUE | Normal Range | Avg Weight | Total Catch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988-06-13 | Standard trap nets | 0.4 (normal) | 0.2 – 0.7 | 0.10 lb | 3 |
Walleye
| Date | Gear | CPUE | Normal Range | Avg Weight | Total Catch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988-06-13 | Standard gill nets | 5.4 (normal) | 1.5 – 5.8 | 2.29 lb | 27 |
| 1988-06-13 | Standard trap nets | 0.6 (normal) | 0.3 – 0.8 | 4.83 lb | 4 |
| 1993-06-14 | Standard gill nets | 5.0 (normal) | 1.5 – 5.8 | 2.79 lb | 30 |
| 1993-06-14 | Standard trap nets | 0.2 (below normal) | 0.3 – 0.8 | 3.94 lb | 2 |
| 2021-06-07 | Standard gill nets | 5.8 (above normal) | 1.5 – 5.8 | 3.10 lb | 35 |
| 2021-06-07 | Standard trap nets | 0.7 (normal) | 0.3 – 0.8 | 3.67 lb | 6 |
| 2008-06-09 | Standard gill nets | 2.0 (normal) | 1.5 – 5.8 | 5.25 lb | 12 |
| 2008-06-09 | Standard trap nets | 0.6 (normal) | 0.3 – 0.8 | 6.66 lb | 5 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard gill nets | 9.5 (above normal) | 1.5 – 5.8 | 2.07 lb | 57 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard trap nets | 0.6 (normal) | 0.3 – 0.8 | 2.58 lb | 5 |
| 1976-06-11 | Standard gill nets | 2.3 (normal) | 1.5 – 5.8 | 3.00 lb | 9 |
| 1976-06-11 | Standard trap nets | 0.6 (normal) | 0.3 – 0.8 | 3.95 lb | 5 |
| 1998-06-08 | Standard gill nets | 3.7 (normal) | 1.5 – 5.8 | 1.17 lb | 22 |
| 1998-06-08 | Standard trap nets | 0.6 (normal) | 0.3 – 0.8 | 0.93 lb | 6 |
| 2003-06-16 | Standard gill nets | 2.0 (normal) | 1.5 – 5.8 | 3.93 lb | 12 |
| 1964-06-30 | Standard gill nets | 41.0 (above normal) | 1.5 – 5.8 | 0.82 lb | 82 |
| 1964-06-30 | Standard trap nets | 9.2 (above normal) | 0.3 – 0.8 | 0.81 lb | 83 |
Hybrid Sunfish
| Date | Gear | CPUE | Normal Range | Avg Weight | Total Catch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988-06-13 | Standard trap nets | 13.0 | — | 0.08 lb | 91 |
| 1993-06-14 | Standard trap nets | 0.2 | — | 0.12 lb | 2 |
| 1964-06-30 | Standard trap nets | 0.8 | — | 0.30 lb | 7 |
Pumpkinseed
| Date | Gear | CPUE | Normal Range | Avg Weight | Total Catch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988-06-13 | Standard gill nets | 1.0 | — | 0.12 lb | 5 |
| 1988-06-13 | Standard trap nets | 1.9 (normal) | 1.4 – 8.6 | 0.08 lb | 13 |
| 1993-06-14 | Standard trap nets | 0.1 (below normal) | 1.4 – 8.6 | 0.09 lb | 1 |
| 1976-06-11 | Standard trap nets | 2.3 (normal) | 1.4 – 8.6 | 0.29 lb | 18 |
White Sucker
| Date | Gear | CPUE | Normal Range | Avg Weight | Total Catch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988-06-13 | Standard gill nets | 8.2 (above normal) | 1.0 – 5.5 | 1.97 lb | 41 |
| 1988-06-13 | Standard trap nets | 2.3 (above normal) | 0.4 – 1.5 | 2.33 lb | 16 |
| 1993-06-14 | Standard gill nets | 10.3 (above normal) | 1.0 – 5.5 | 5.40 lb | 62 |
| 1993-06-14 | Standard trap nets | 2.1 (above normal) | 0.4 – 1.5 | 4.45 lb | 19 |
| 2021-06-07 | Standard gill nets | 2.3 (normal) | 1.0 – 5.5 | 3.02 lb | 14 |
| 2008-06-09 | Standard gill nets | 7.8 (above normal) | 1.0 – 5.5 | 2.42 lb | 47 |
| 2008-06-09 | Standard trap nets | 0.8 (normal) | 0.4 – 1.5 | 2.45 lb | 7 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard gill nets | 3.5 (normal) | 1.0 – 5.5 | 2.98 lb | 21 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard trap nets | 0.4 (below normal) | 0.4 – 1.5 | 4.23 lb | 3 |
| 1976-06-11 | Standard gill nets | 4.3 (normal) | 1.0 – 5.5 | 2.44 lb | 17 |
| 1976-06-11 | Standard trap nets | 0.4 (below normal) | 0.4 – 1.5 | 1.67 lb | 3 |
| 1998-06-08 | Standard gill nets | 1.8 (normal) | 1.0 – 5.5 | 2.00 lb | 11 |
| 2003-06-16 | Standard gill nets | 1.3 (normal) | 1.0 – 5.5 | 2.85 lb | 8 |
| 1964-06-30 | Standard gill nets | 27.0 (above normal) | 1.0 – 5.5 | 1.62 lb | 54 |
| 1964-06-30 | Standard trap nets | 2.7 (above normal) | 0.4 – 1.5 | 0.54 lb | 24 |
Black Crappie
| Date | Gear | CPUE | Normal Range | Avg Weight | Total Catch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988-06-13 | Standard trap nets | 1.1 (normal) | 0.8 – 6.5 | 0.38 lb | 8 |
| 2021-06-07 | Standard gill nets | 0.5 (below normal) | 1.0 – 7.3 | 0.33 lb | 3 |
| 2021-06-07 | Standard trap nets | 1.1 (normal) | 0.8 – 6.5 | 0.32 lb | 10 |
| 2008-06-09 | Standard gill nets | 0.5 (below normal) | 1.0 – 7.3 | 0.23 lb | 3 |
| 2008-06-09 | Standard trap nets | 0.4 (below normal) | 0.8 – 6.5 | 0.33 lb | 4 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard gill nets | 1.2 (normal) | 1.0 – 7.3 | 0.35 lb | 7 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard trap nets | 3.8 (normal) | 0.8 – 6.5 | 0.57 lb | 30 |
| 1976-06-11 | Standard gill nets | 0.8 (below normal) | 1.0 – 7.3 | 0.82 lb | 3 |
| 1976-06-11 | Standard trap nets | 2.0 (normal) | 0.8 – 6.5 | 0.19 lb | 16 |
| 1998-06-08 | 1/4-in trap nets | 0.6 | — | — | 3 |
| 1998-06-08 | Standard trap nets | 1.0 (normal) | 0.8 – 6.5 | 0.27 lb | 10 |
| 2003-06-16 | Standard trap nets | 1.4 (normal) | 0.8 – 6.5 | 0.20 lb | 14 |
Iowa Darter
| Date | Gear | CPUE | Normal Range | Total Catch |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-06-21 | Backpack electrofishing | 20.2 | — | 29 |
| 2021-06-21 | 50-ft beach seine | 25.0 | — | 50 |
| 2021-06-21 | 15-ft beach seine | 2.0 | — | 10 |
Bluegill
| Date | Gear | CPUE | Normal Range | Avg Weight | Total Catch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-06-21 | Backpack electrofishing | 2.8 | — | — | 4 |
| 2021-06-21 | 50-ft beach seine | 1.0 | — | — | 2 |
| 1993-06-14 | Standard trap nets | 0.1 (below normal) | 2.5 – 25.0 | 1.13 lb | 1 |
| 2021-06-07 | Standard trap nets | 8.3 (normal) | 2.5 – 25.0 | 0.32 lb | 75 |
| 2021-06-07 | Standard gill nets | 1.5 | — | 0.60 lb | 9 |
| 2008-06-09 | Standard gill nets | 0.8 | — | 0.17 lb | 5 |
| 2008-06-09 | Standard trap nets | 0.4 (below normal) | 2.5 – 25.0 | 0.18 lb | 4 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard gill nets | 4.0 | — | 0.36 lb | 24 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard trap nets | 31.4 (above normal) | 2.5 – 25.0 | 0.15 lb | 251 |
| 1976-06-11 | Standard trap nets | 3.4 (normal) | 2.5 – 25.0 | 0.44 lb | 27 |
| 1998-06-08 | 1/4-in trap nets | 3.6 | — | — | 18 |
| 1998-06-08 | Standard trap nets | 9.3 (normal) | 2.5 – 25.0 | 0.44 lb | 93 |
| 2003-06-16 | Standard trap nets | 6.9 (normal) | 2.5 – 25.0 | 0.19 lb | 69 |
| 2003-06-16 | Standard gill nets | 0.3 | — | 0.52 lb | 2 |
| 1964-06-30 | Standard trap nets | 10.4 (normal) | 2.5 – 25.0 | 0.26 lb | 94 |
Largemouth Bass
| Date | Gear | CPUE | Normal Range | Avg Weight | Total Catch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-06-21 | Backpack electrofishing | 10.4 | — | — | 15 |
| 2021-06-21 | 50-ft beach seine | 2.5 | — | — | 5 |
| 2021-06-21 | 15-ft beach seine | 4.2 | — | — | 21 |
| 1993-06-14 | Standard trap nets | 0.1 (below normal) | 0.3 – 0.9 | 0.15 lb | 1 |
| 2021-06-07 | Standard trap nets | 0.1 (below normal) | 0.3 – 0.9 | 0.10 lb | 1 |
| 2021-06-07 | Standard gill nets | 0.3 (normal) | 0.3 – 1.3 | 2.88 lb | 2 |
| 2008-06-09 | Standard gill nets | 0.5 (normal) | 0.3 – 1.3 | 2.41 lb | 3 |
| 2008-06-09 | Standard trap nets | 0.6 (normal) | 0.3 – 0.9 | 1.80 lb | 5 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard electrofishing | 4.2 | — | 1.79 lb | 4 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard gill nets | 1.5 (above normal) | 0.3 – 1.3 | 2.54 lb | 9 |
| 2015-07-13 | Standard trap nets | 1.4 (above normal) | 0.3 – 0.9 | 1.24 lb | 11 |
| 1976-06-11 | Standard trap nets | 0.3 (below normal) | 0.3 – 0.9 | 0.05 lb | 2 |
| 1998-06-08 | 1/4-in trap nets | 8.6 | — | — | 43 |
| 1998-06-08 | Standard trap nets | 0.8 (normal) | 0.3 – 0.9 | 1.03 lb | 8 |
| 2003-06-16 | Standard trap nets | 0.7 (normal) | 0.3 – 0.9 | 1.06 lb | 7 |
| 2003-06-16 | Standard gill nets | 0.5 (normal) | 0.3 – 1.3 | 2.15 lb | 3 |
| 1964-06-30 | Standard trap nets | 0.8 (normal) | 0.3 – 0.9 | 0.29 lb | 7 |
CNM
| Date | Gear | CPUE | Normal Range | Total Catch |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-06-21 | Backpack electrofishing | 10.4 | — | 15 |
Depth Maps & Lake Info
Map & Directions
Get DirectionsShowing 14 nearby bait & tackle shops on the map.
Nearby Bait & Tackle
Cormorant Store
Pelican Rapids, MN
★ 4.6County 6 Gas & Bait
Detroit Lakes, MN
★ 4Deez Fish Co
Detroit Lakes, MN
★ 5Detroit Lakes Corner Market
Detroit Lakes, MN
★ 4.1Hod Fishing Rods
Detroit Lakes, MN
Lakes Sport Shop
Detroit Lakes, MN
★ 4.4L&M Fleet Supply
Detroit Lakes, MN
★ 4.5Osage Bait & Tackle
Osage, MN
★ 4.5Nearby Marinas
Resorts & Lodges Near Sand
Plan your stay — fishing resorts and lodges near Sand.
Fish Species
Species known to inhabit Sand. Click any species for a full fishing guide.
Fishing Guides Near Sand
Other Lakes in Becker County
Plan Your Trip to Sand
- Weather forecast for Sand — check wind, rain, and temperature before you go
- GPS: 46.8648°N, 96.1733°W — Get Directions
- View on MN DNR LakeFinder for the latest survey data and lake info
- Review Minnesota fishing regulations for season dates and limits
- A Minnesota fishing license is required for ages 16+ — buy online at dnr.state.mn.us
Data sourced from Minnesota DNR Division of Fish and Wildlife. Last verified: March 19, 2026. Learn how we maintain this data.